At A Glance |
name: |
Canada Red |
origin: |
New England (?) |
date: |
before 1817 |
parentage: |
unknown |
harvest: |
October |
season: |
December-April |
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Historical
"This variety probably originated in New
England but its origin is obscure. Thacher in 1822 described it under the name nonsuch and later Fessenden, Manning,
Hovey and other New England writers recognized this name for the variety. In 1849 Cole described it as the Old Nonsuch.
It appears to have been brought into Western New York from the vicinity of Toronto, Canada, and afterwards cultivated in
this region under the name Canada Red. The earliest mention we find of the variety under the name Red Canada or Canada
Red, as these names appear to have been used interchangeably, is that of Watts and Downing in 1847. In Michigan it has
been often cultivated under the name of Steel's Red Winter. In some portion of Eastern New York it is grown under the
name Bristol. It has been pretty generally distribute throughout the state. In some few localities its cultivation in
commercial orchards is increasing but seldom has it been planted to any considerable extent, and, generally speaking, it
is found only in old orchards.
Tree
"Tree medium to large, moderately
vigorous to vigorous; branches short, stout, curved, crooked. Form upright to roundish, rather dense. Twigs
medium in length, straight or nearly so, rather slender to moderately stout; internodes below medium to long. Bark
olive-green tinged with reddish-brown, netted or streaked with thin scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels
scattering, not very conspicuous, small, round, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large to medium, long, narrow,
plump, acute, free or nearly so, slightly pubescent. Leaves medium to broad, rather thin.
Fruit
"Fruit medium to nearly large,
pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic and somewhat flattened at the base, nearly
symmetrical and pretty regular but sometimes elliptical or obscurely ribbed and with sides a little unequal. Stem
medium t rather slender, pubescent. Cavity usually large, acuminate, deep, wide, often partly russeted and with
radiating green or russet rays, usually symmetrical, sometimes slightly furrowed. Calyx small, closed or partly
open, pubescent. Basin small, usually narrow, shallow to moderately deep and rather abrupt, furrowed and
sometimes slightly wrinkled, often somewhat oblique.
"Skin tough, nearly smooth
especially toward the cavity, slightly rough about the basin, rather clear light yellow or green largely overspread in
well-colored specimens with a fine deep red blush, indistinctly striped with deeper red. Dots conspicuous,
grayish or fawn colored. Toward the cavity they are scattering, large and often elongated as in Baldwin and Esopus Spitzenburg,
but as they converge toward the apex they become more numerous and smaller. Prevailing effect very attractive
bright deep red.
"Calyx tube elongated cone-shape or
somewhat funnel-form. Stamens marginal.
"Core sessile, axile or nearly so,
medium to rather small; cells symmetrical, closed or slit; core lines clasping. Carpels usually smooth, roundish,
narrowing somewhat toward the apex, mucronate, but slightly emarginate if at all. Seeds very numerous, medium to
rather large, angular, long, moderately wide, plump, obtuse.
"Flesh whitish with yellow or
greenish tinge, firm, crisp, rather fine-grained, tender, juicy, aromatic, rich, agreeable subacid but becoming rather
too mild toward the close of the season, good to best."
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